Content Page: Model Building By Laws

  • Stresses Under Concentrated Loads

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    When the combined effects of axial, eccentric and lateral forces are all taken into account, the local under the ends of lintels or under column-bases or other concentrated loads shall not exceed the average stresses permitted by sections 67 to 72 for axial vertical loads alone by more than 50 per centum.

  • Stresses Due To Eccentric Or Lateral Forces

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    (1) When the eccentric or lateral forces, together with axial loads, have to be taken into account in walls, piers or columns, the stresses shall be calculated on the assumption that the straight-line theory applies to such walls, piers or columns as are subject to bending moments, that is to say that planes in the…

  • Axial Stresses In Natural Stone Masonry

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    The stresses in masonry constructed of natural stone due to axial loads shall not exceed those set out in Table XXIV for the kind of stone, type of walling an class of mortar set out in that Table: Provided that, if class A mortar is used, such stresses may be increased to 10 per centum…

  • Axial Stresses In Cast-In-Situ Concrete

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    (1)Where the slenderness ratio does not exceed 15, the stresses due to axial vertical loads in- a) cat-in-situ plain concrete walls computed as evenly distributed over- i) the cross-sectional area of the wall; or ii) if there are openings in the wall, over the reduced cross sectional area between openings; and b) plain concrete columns;…

  • Axial Stresses In Block Masonry

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    (1) The axial stresses in masonry constructed of blocks may be increased to not more than one and a half times the values set out for brick masonry in sections 67 and 68 for the conditions described therein. (2)The stresses in masonry constructed of cellular or hollow blocks shall not exceed those for solid blocks…

  • Stresses For Large Slenderness Ratios

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    (1) When all other conditions are as stated in section 67, with the exception that the slenderness ratio exceed 12, but does not exceed the values set out in Table XIX, then the stresses in masonry shall not exceed the basic stresses set out in section 67 multiplied by the factors set out in Table…

  • Basic Stresses For Brick Masonry

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    (1) For solid masonry building-units of the dimensions of bricks, the stresses in masonry due to axial vertical loads calculated as evenly distributed stresses over- a) the cross-sectional area of a wall; or b) if there are openings in a wall, the reduced cross-sectional area between openings; or c) the cross-sectional area of a column;…

  • Slenderness Ratio

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    (1) Value of slenderness ratio.- The slenderness ratio of a wall shall be taken as the ration of the effective height to the effective thickness, or that of the effective length to the actual thickness, whichever ratio is smaller: Provided that the slenderness ratio of a free-standing wall shall be taken as the ratio of…

  • Dispersion And Application Of Forces

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    (1) In considering the transmission of forces through walls and other structural members of masonry and cast-in-situ concrete, the angle of dispersion of the forces through the material shall be taken as being not greater than 45 degrees from the direction of the forces. (2) Roof-loads from trussed roofs or girder roofs shall be considered…

  • General Requirements For Design

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    (1) Walls, piers and columns shall be so proportioned that the stresses in them due to the worst combination of forces to which they may be subjected 13 do not at any point exceed the values presented in sections 67 to 73 and section 78 for the several materials and conditions to which those sections…